FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
Tuesday, July 21 2009 FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:

Robin Mackar, NIEHS
(919) 541-0073
21 Jul 2009: A Child’s IQ Can Be Affected by Mother’s Exposure to Urban Air Pollutants

A mother’s exposure to urban air pollutants known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can adversely affect a child’s intelligence quotient or IQ, a study reports. PAHs are chemicals released into the air from the burning of coal, diesel, oil and gas, or other organic substances such as tobacco. In urban areas motor vehicles are a major source of PAHs.

The study, funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), a component of the National Institutes of Health, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and several private foundations, found that children exposed to high levels of PAHs in New York City had full scale and verbal IQ scores that were 4.31 and 4.67 points lower than those of less exposed children. High PAH levels were defined as above the median of 2.26 nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m3). A difference of four points, which was the average seen in this study, could be educationally meaningful in terms of school success, as reflected, for example, in standardized testing and other measures of academic performance. However, the researchers point out that the effects may vary among individual children.

“This research clearly shows that environmental PAHs at levels encountered in an urban setting can adversely affect a child’s IQ,” said Linda Birnbaum, Ph.D., director of NIEHS. “This is the first study to report an association between PAH exposure and IQ, and it should serve as a warning bell to us all. We need to do more to prevent environmental exposures from harming our children.”

The study was conducted by scientists from the Columbia University Center for Children’s Environmental Health. It included children who were born to non-smoking black and Dominican-American women age 18 to 35 who resided in Washington Heights, Harlem or the South Bronx in New York. The children were followed from utero to 5 years of age. The mothers wore personal air monitors during pregnancy to measure exposure to PAHs and they responded to questionnaires.

At 5 years of age, 249 children were given an intelligence test known as the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of the Intelligence, which provides verbal, performance and full-scale IQ scores. The test is regarded as a well validated, reliable and sensitive instrument for assessing intelligence. The researchers developed models to calculate the associations between prenatal PAH exposure and IQ. They accounted for other factors such as second-hand smoke exposure, lead, mother’s education and the quality of the home caretaking environment. Study participants exposed to air pollution levels below the average were designated as having low exposure, while those exposed to pollution levels above the median were identified as high exposure.

“The decrease in full-scale IQ score among the more exposed children is similar to that seen with low-level lead exposure,” said lead author Frederica P. Perera, Dr.P.H., professor at Columbia’s Mailman School of Public Health and director of the Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health.

“This finding is of concern,” said Perera. “IQ is an important predictor of future academic performance, and PAHs are widespread in urban environments and throughout the world. Fortunately, airborne PAH concentrations can be reduced through currently available controls, alternative energy sources and policy interventions.”

References:
Perrera, FP, Zhigang L, Whyatt R, Hoepner L, Wang, S, Camann D, Rauh V. 2009. Prenatal Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure and Child IQ at Age 5 Years. Pediatrics. 124(2). August, 2009.

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The Clean Air Council (based in Philadelphia, but national in scope) is calling upon Americans to support the Environmental Protection Agency’s proposed strong, new standards to reduce toxic emissions from our nation’s cement plants. The proposed standards are long overdue and a departure from past inaction regarding these industrial facilities. By adopting these standards the EPA will be reducing dangerous pollution that threatens our environment and public health.

The EPA’s proposed standards are projected to reduce mercury emissions from cement plants by at much as 93%. Mercury, a known neurotoxin that causes developmental impairment, is particularly harmful to babies and young children. Prenatal exposure to even low doses of mercury is often associated with childhood deficits in IQ, attention span and physical coordination.

The proposed EPA standards would also reduce emissions of dangerous particulate matter, carcinogenic dioxins, and other pollutants that contribute to smog and global warming pollution.

Don’t let industry weaken these necessary standards! Take action now by submitting a comment voicing your support for the EPA’s proposed rule to curb the toxic emissions of cement plants.

To submit your comments go to the EPA’s website or: www.cleanair.org

Tomorrow, July 17, 2009, is an Air Quality Red Alert for Salt Lake and Davis Counties. A YELLOW Air Quality Action day is called for Utah and Weber Counties.

Protect your children from ozone exposure by embracing indoor activities on red air days such as ice skating, going to the movies, indoor bounce houses, indoor pools, or a trip to the Natural History museum during the hottest part of the day (when ozone levels are the greatest). Head outdoors in the early morning and late evening when ozone levels are at their lowest.

Salt Lake Tribune
July 8th, 2009
by Judy Fahys

Plans for a third coal-fired power plant at Delta are dead.

The Intermountain Power Agency said Wednesday it will let the air-quality permit for a coal-fired Unit 3 expire. Instead, the company will focus on other options for the central Utah site, said IPA spokesman John Ward. “The understanding within IPA is that if there were ever an attempt to start another third coal-fired power unit at that location, they would have to start over,” he said. “This particular permit application would be moot.”

Environmental groups, who have been fighting Unit 3 since it was first proposed, applauded the move. The plant “would have burdened Utah with more coal-burning pollution,” said Wayne Hoskinson, chairman of the Utah Chapter of the Sierra Club. “This opens the door for additional renewable projects, like the Milford wind development, allowing the state to still be an exporter of energy without the cost of worsened air quality and more mercury pollution.”

The Sierra Club’s appeal of the Unit 3 air permit has been on hold for more than a year, while IPA, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power and the Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems were in court over a breach-of-contract suit over the new 900-megawatt generating station. That suit was settled quietly last month.

UAMPS, which has 36 local-utility members that participate in the Intermountain Power Project Unit 3 Project, was able to recoup some of its costs, estimated at about $6.4 million in the original 2007 lawsuit. Some cities already have received checks. Although it fought for the right to defend the permit last year before the Utah Air Quality Board, now the group has no interest in pushing forward with Unit 3, said attorney Matthew McNulty. “It’s not up to UAMPS to defend the [air-quality] permit,” he said.

The Sierra Club said the plant permit should not have been granted because its emissions would impair the visibility of national parks, including Capitol Reef, and it did not make use of the latest clean-coal technology. IPP Unit 3’s fate is being repeated nationwide, according to Tim Wagner, former director of the Sierra Club’s smart energy campaign. Of the 150 coal-fired power plants planned for the United State in the past few years, about 100 have been permanently or indefinitely shelved. There are two remaining power plants proposed for Utah , the 270-megawatt Sevier Power generating station in Sigurd, which also is being challenged by the Sierra Club, and the 86-megawatt Bonanza Plant near Vernal.

Meanwhile, there has been no change in the official status of the IPP Unit 3 permit appeal at the Utah Air Quality Board, said attorney Fred Nelson. “The matter is just in limbo,” said Nelson, noting that he has not heard from either side about ending the appeal. Los Angeles has not officially announced its Unit 3 plans. But just last week, Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa said his city would completely wean its 1.45 million electricity customers from coal-fired power by 2010. “The cancellation of IPP Unit #3 is really an indicator of a changing world,” said V. John White of the Center of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies in Sacramento , California. “It reflects a changing need of power customers, increasing awareness of the dirty footprint associated with coal, and a strong desire to pursue a new, cleaner direction.”

http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_12784755